What frequency do controllers and pilots primarily use for communication?

Controllers and pilots primarily use Very High Frequency (VHF) for communication due to its effectiveness in providing clear audio at relatively short ranges, which is ideal for aviation operations. VHF frequencies, typically in the range from 108 to 137 MHz, are well-suited for line-of-sight communication, making them the standard for air traffic control communications in both en-route and terminal airspace.

The clarity of VHF signals allows for stable and dependable communication, which is crucial for safety in aviation. This range facilitates direct communication between controllers and aircraft, providing essential updates on flight paths, clearances, and other vital information during all phases of flight, whether it be departure, cruising altitude, or approach.

In contrast, High Frequency (HF) is mostly reserved for long-distance communication, typically over oceanic routes, and is not the primary method for routine air traffic communication. Ultra High Frequency (UHF) is generally used by military aviation, while Standard Frequency (SF) does not refer to a specific communication band utilized in aviation.