What protocol is in place at major airports for aircraft to manage delays?

The protocol in place at major airports for managing aircraft delays is referred to as "Hold." When delays occur, air traffic controllers may instruct aircraft to enter a holding pattern, which allows them to circle in the air until it is safe or permitted for them to land. This is particularly useful when the runway is congested, or weather conditions prevent immediate landing. Holding patterns are designed to help maintain orderly traffic flow and ensure safety by preventing congestion around the airport.

In contrast, the other options do not specifically address the management of delays in the same way that holding does. Clearance involves granting permission for aircraft to take off or land but does not relate to managing delays once in the air. Taxing refers to the movement of an aircraft on the ground and is not a response to delays. Taking off is also not a protocol for managing delays, as it is the action taken when conditions allow for departure. Thus, "Hold" is the most appropriate term used for managing aircraft delays at major airports.