Where are approach controllers typically stationed?

Approach controllers are typically stationed at the airport they serve, which allows them to manage the air traffic in the vicinity of that airport effectively. Their primary responsibility involves guiding aircraft as they approach for landing, ensuring safe spacing and sequencing in the terminal airspace. Being located at the airport allows for real-time communication with pilots and enhances their ability to monitor and manage the traffic flow into the airport, making quick decisions based on changing conditions.

In contrast, control towers are primarily responsible for managing aircraft movements on the ground and in the immediate airspace around that airport. While approach controllers do work closely with tower controllers, their primary function is to handle traffic further out in the approach phases. Regional centers are involved in managing en-route traffic over larger areas, meaning they do not specifically focus on the immediate approach to an airport. Aircraft themselves do not have air traffic controllers physically onboard; instead, pilots communicate with the ground-based controllers for instructions and guidance.